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January 01, 1999 12:00 AM

Migrating to Active Directory

Windows IT Pro
InstantDoc ID #4692
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Farewell, NT 4.0
After you update all of a domain's BDCs, you can change the domain from mixed mode to a pure AD--­or native--­mode. To do so, open the domain properties dialog box and choose Change Mode, as Screen 5, page 108, shows. Changing modes is not automatic, because doing so requires you to choose not to install any new NT 4.0 BDCs.

After you change modes, the PDC in the now native-mode domain turns off NTLM replication support. Doing so allows multimaster replication to all servers in the domain, and therefore a distinction no longer exists between a PDC and a BDC. Now you can start nesting the groups in AD, and your NT 4.0 and NT 3.51 workstations can start using AD's transitive trusts and can access the entire domain tree.

Win2K users and groups still require SIDs, but because updated domains no longer have PDCs to issue SIDs, the domain controllers must use a Relative Identifier (RID) Pool. A user SID is a combination of a domain SID and a RID, and the Win2K server that creates a user issues the user's SID. One Win2K server at a time owns the domain RID Pool, taking RIDs for allocation to users. When another domain controller needs RIDs, ownership of the RID Pool cycles to that domain controller.

Dissolving Resource Domains
If your NT 4.0 or NT 3.51 domain model was either a master or multiple master model, your domains likely have second-tier resource domains. Companies usually create resource domains to decentralize resource administration. In AD, OUs and per-server policies let you delegate resource administration within domains more easily, and to a finer degree. Therefore, if you want to dissolve your resource domains, you can safely do so. However, if your organization is heavily decentralized, you can retain your resource domains and enhance their role by moving user accounts from master domains to the pertinent resource domains.

The idea behind dissolving resource domains is to transform the resource domains into OUs within the former master domain. You can still have decentralized administration because you can delegate administration on a per-OU basis. All users and groups stay valid in the dissolving process, but the local groups in the resource domains you dissolve need attention, because SIDs that the original resource domains issued identify local groups.

Microsoft stated that AD will support SID tracking. For example, when you move a local group from one AD domain to another, the local group receives a new SID and remembers its original SID. SID tracking keeps old access permissions valid, as long as you dissolve your resource domains in the proper sequence. However, moving objects from one domain to another is not possible in NT 5.0 Beta 2.

To dissolve your resource domains, migrate at least the PDC of the master domain to AD. This migration does not change the PDC's trusts to the resource domains but lets you administer AD. Next, create OUs that are identical to your resource domains--­or if you prefer, create some other OU structure, as Figure 1 shows. It's easy to create OUs at this point, because after you migrate the master domain's PDC, all your users and groups are in the AD users container. From the users container, you move the users and groups to the appropriate OUs, and perhaps add some new OUs, depending on the structure you want to create.

After you've created your AD domain, you can migrate the PDC of each resource domain, placing each PDC in the same domain tree as the migrated master domain. This procedure lets you move users, groups, and servers from one domain to another, which was not possible in NT.

After you migrate all your resource domain PDCs, you can drag your BDCs and standalone servers from the almost-dissolved resource domains to the new AD domain. A standalone server takes its local groups wherever you move the server, so moving a standalone server does not affect that server's local group's access permissions. However, the BDCs you move need to access their local group information from the PDC until you move those local groups to the AD domain.

NT workstations are usually members of resource domains, so you need to move every workstation to the AD domain from the computers container. After taking all these steps, you can turn off your resource domain PDCs, or move them to the new AD "master" domain. In either case, in AD you have only one domain to administer.

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Comments
  • Anonymous User
    7 years ago
    Aug 10, 2005

    When chosing a Directory Product, why is it that selecting Microsoft AD requires no requirements or evaluation or justification. If another product is more secure and more robust, you have to PROVE that MS is non-functional. Market share is a selling point, but we buy solutions because they work. Perhaps AD should work too.

  • Anonymous User
    7 years ago
    Aug 10, 2005

    Do you have any way to keep Windows Servers from eventually crashing or needing a reboot? Any way to make AD non-stop so that I don't have to reboot every server everytime someone finds on eof the many vulnerabilities in it? Any way to undo a schema extension? Any way cluster AD itself for redundancy? Any way to make a domain change without causing a Replication Storm? Any way to make AD work with open standards like Open LDAP Group?

  • Anonymous User
    8 years ago
    Dec 16, 2004

    This is more a question, is there a way to script out migration of 500 odd server/clients to AD from Windows 2000 Domain Based system. please email me at pareshmotiwala@yahoo.com

  • Anonymous User
    8 years ago
    Dec 03, 2004

    screw u thise site sucks

  • Ajit Bhattacharjee
    8 years ago
    Jun 08, 2004

    any doc for migrating a part of Win 2000 AD (an OU or a child domain)to another forest of AD (may be another company).

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