Let WDS Ease Your Vista Rollout Pain

Add the Boot Environment
You now have a WDS environment, but you're missing two critical components: a bootable environment to which to send the PXE clients to allow the deployment of images and the Windows images themselves. WinPE is the environment WDS uses to deploy images, and although the WAIK installs a WinPE version that's based on Vista into the Tools\PETools\ <processor architecture> subfolder of the WAIK installation, this version isn't suitable for use with WDS. The Vista-based WinPE included with WAIK is perfect for building media that you can use with the rest of the WAIK (e.g., the ImageX command that you use to capture and deploy images), but it doesn't contain the WDS client binaries that are needed for WDS to function. Instead, you need a WinPE version that's based on Windows 2008. The boot.wim file in the Sources folder of the Vista media is a WinPE version that's based on Window 2008 and includes the WDS client binaries.

You can add a new WinPE boot image to WDS by right-clicking the Boot Images leaf in the left panel of the WDS snap-in and selecting Add Boot Image. After you specify the name and location of the boot image to add (e.g., D:\sources\boot.wim), click Next and enter a name and description. The default is the name contained in the WIM file, for example, "Microsoft Windows Longhorn Setup (x86)." However, you can change the name to anything you want (e.g., "Microsoft Windows Deployment Services environment"). Then select the WIM images to install (although the WinPE WIM image file consists of only one image), and click Next to copy the WIM file to the Boot\<architecture>\Images subfolder of the RemoteInstall folder selected during WDS configuration.

Add the Installation Image
You now have a boot image that clients can use to boot via PXE into the WDS deployment environment. The next step is to add an OS installation image, which in this case is Vista. To add the image, open the Windows Deployment Services snap-in, right-click the Install Images leaf of the navigation panel, and select Add Install Image. You'll be prompted to select an Image Group to add the image to or to create a new Image Group (e.g., Windows Vista). Click Next and select the name of the WIM file to import (e.g., the install.wim file in the Sources folder of the Vista DVD). Remember, WIM files are an XML type format that can contain more than one image. The Vista WIM file contains all the available versions of Vista (except Enterprise). However, because the different versions share much of the same content, the WIM format can take advantage of Single Instance Storage (SIS) technology and the total file size is smaller than you'd expect. Clear the check boxes of the versions you don't want to make available. When finished, click Next to display a summary of the selected versions. Accept by clicking Next, and the Add Image Wizard will perform an integrity check on the selected WIM file and import the images.

Now when you boot a PXEenabled client, you're prompted to press F12 to boot to WDS (which will be familiar to users of RIS). Select the basic language settings and the credentials to use in the domain. Then select an OS from the list of OSs known to WDS, as Figure 2 shows, and click Next. You'll be prompted for a partition to install to, then WDS will install the OS, asking minimal information such as registered owner and time zone information.

There's also a version of the boot ROM that doesn't require you to press F12. To use that version, right-click the WDS server in the Windows Deployment Services snap-in and select Properties. Select the Boot tab. Click the Browse button next to the appropriate client architecture, and select the .n12 version of the boot ROM (e.g., instead of pxeboot.com, use pxeboot.n12). Now, you'll no longer need to press F12 to boot to WDS.

Discover Images and Unattended Installs
You now have a WDS installation that can deploy Vista over the network, but what about machines that can't boot over the network? WDS has a bootable media (called Discover boot image ) for machines that don't natively support booting over the network. The Discover boot image CD-ROM lets you avoid having to load WinPE over the network. To create a Discover boot image CD-ROM, right-click the Windows 2008-based WinPE under the Boot Images section of the Windows Deployment Services snap-in and select Create Discover Boot Image. Enter a location and filename for the new WIM file, along with the WDS server to contact for OS images, as Figure 3 shows.

Next you convert the WIM to an ISO file so that you can burn it to a CD-ROM to enable bootable deployment. To convert the WIM file, follow the steps outlined in the article "Windows Deployment Services Update Step-by-Step Guide for Windows Server 2003" at http://technet2.microsoft.com/Windows-Vista/en/library/9e197135-6711-4c20-bfadfc80fc2151301033.mspx?mfr=true.

Finally, how do you avoid having to enter information during the installation? The WAIK includes the Windows System Image Manager, which lets you create the XML answer file that stores custom settings and automates OS installations. The use of the Windows System Image Manager is beyond the scope of this article, but you can find instructions and a list of settings and values in the "Unattended Windows Setup Reference" Help file that ships as part of WAIK.

In the initial WDS stage in which you select the OS that you want to deploy, you assign the answer file you created by selecting the Properties of the WDS server. Under the Client tab, select the Enable unattended installation and select the answer XML file for the architecture. To select the answer file for a particular image, right-click the image and select Properties from the Install Images, Image Group section. Then under the General tab, select the Allow image to install in unattended mode and select the XML install file to use (which must be part of the RemoteInstall folder structure where images are stored). You can now deploy Vista without having to enter information with each installation.

Getting Better All the Time
WDS is a powerful component of Windows 2008 and Windows 2003, giving us a unified method to deploy both server and client OSs. If you've been using RIS, then WDS will be far more intuitive. The next step is to look at the Business Desktop Deployment (BDD) 2007 solution accelerator which builds on technologies such as WDS and Microsoft Systems Management Server (SMS) to help in the complete desktop deployment experience, including inventory of existing systems, application packaging, hardening the desktops, and following a best practice deployment. The BDD will be the focus of a future article.